Introduction
Since the latter part of the twentieth century, a number of Western democracies, particularly those in Europe, have witnessed the rise of radical right-wing parties. Whilst radical political challengers on the right remained within the political periphery during much of Europe’s post-war history, the recent fourth wave (Mudde 2019) of the far right in the new millennium has brought populist and non-populist radical right-wing parties into the focus. The contemporary ascent of the radical right has been most acute in the aftermath of the Great Recession and the Eurozone crisis, which accelerated the emergence of political challengers (Hobolt and Tilley 2016; Kriesi and Pappas 2016; Morlino and Raniolo 2017).
